News About Us Schools Events Styles Articles Practice Groups Miscellaneous Search		Chapters Table of Contents Introduction Physiology of Stretching Flexibility Types of Stretching How to Stretch References on Stretching Working Toward the Splits Normal Ranges of Joint Motion Index Normal Ranges of Joint Motion According to Kurz, the following tables indicates the normal ranges of joint motion for various parts of the body: Neck Flexion: 70-90 degrees Touch sternum with chin. Extension: 55 degrees Try to point up with chin. Lateral bending: 35 degrees Bring ear close to shoulder. Rotation: 70 degrees left & right Turn head to the left, then right. Lumbar Spine Flexion: 75 degrees Bend forward at the waist. Extension: 30 degrees Bend backward. Lateral bending: 35 degrees Bend to the side. Shoulder Abduction: 180 degrees Bring arm up sideways. Adduction: 45 degrees Bring arm toward the midline of the body. Horizontal extension: 45 degrees Swing arm horizontally backward. Horizontal flexion: 130 degrees Swing arm horizontally forward. Vertical extension: 60 degrees Raise arm straight backward. Vertical flexion: 180 degrees Raise arm straight forward. Elbow Flexion: 150 degrees Bring lower arm to the biceps Extension: 180 degrees Straighten out lower arm. Supination: 90 degrees Turn lower arm so palm of hand faces up. Pronation: 90 degrees Turn lower arm so palm faces down. Wrist Flexion: 80-90 degrees Bend wrist so palm nears lower arm. Extension: 70 degrees Bend wrist in opposite direction. Radial deviation: 20 degrees Bend wrist so thumb nears radius. Ulnar deviation: 30-50 degrees Bend wrist so pinky finger nears ulna. Hip Flexion: 110-130 degrees Flex knee and bring thigh close to abdomen. Extension: 30 degrees Move thigh backward without moving the pelvis. Abduction: 45-50 degrees Swing thigh away from midline. Adduction: 20-30 degrees Bring thigh toward and across midline. Internal rotation: 40 degrees Flex knee and swing lower leg away from midline. External rotation: 45 degrees Flex knee and swing lower leg toward midline. Knee Flexion: 130 degrees Touch calf to hamstring. Extension: 15 degrees Straighten out knee as much as possible. Internal rotation: 10 degrees Twist lower leg toward midline. Ankle Flexion: 45 degrees Bend ankle so toes point up. Extension: 20 degrees Bend ankle so toes point down. Pronation: 30 degrees Turn foot so the sole faces in. Supination: 20 degrees Turn foot so the sole faces out. Go to the previous, next chapter.   by Brad Appleton e-mail homepage

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